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replaced by the letters th. This is why

             today t and h have a unique sound

             when put together.

                Around 1000, England was invaded

             by Western Europeans. From 1100 to

             1500, Old English changed into Middle

             English. It used Latin letters. They look like

             today’s alphabet.

                From 1500 to 1800, the language changed into Early Modern English. It

             used twenty-seven alphabet letters. The 27th letter was the ampersand.

             All of the other letters represent sounds. But the ampersand represents

             the word and. However, being the only letter that represented a word, it

             was eventually dropped from the alphabet. The symbol is still used today,

             though. You can see it on any keyboard.

                These and other events occurring since ancient times have resulted in

             today’s Modern English.





                            ђ ћ                          Ŋ ŋ                            &




                         English used to         The letter eng was invented      Ampersand used to
                         have a letter for the   by a writer named Alexander      be the 27th letter of
                         word that, which        Gill in 1619. Eng represents     the alphabet. The
                         is the name of this     the sound ng, as in sing. Gill   word and got its own
                         Futhark rune. It was    wanted a faster way to write     letter because it was
                         eventually dropped      the sound. The word singing      used so frequently.
                         from the alphabet       would’ve been written siŋiŋ,
                         because it’s a word,    for example. It was popular
                         not a sound.            for a time but didn’t actually
                                                 save much time and was
                                                 excluded from the alphabet.




                                                                                                                   13
 12                                            Academic Objective in Context: Language can change many times over a long period.  13
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